MY TURN: The Erasure That Calls Itself Preservation
About a week ago a man came into my shop. Around eighty years old, from Colrain, just north of here. Lifelong local. When I described the full situation surrounding the removal of the Big Indian — the petitions, the process, who drove it and from where — his eyes welled up.
That is the data point nobody submitted.
The Big Indian stood on Route 2 for nearly fifty years. It was not fine art. It was not an accurate representation of Pocumtuck or Abenaki culture. It was a mid-twentieth century roadside figure — vernacular, imperfect, and genuinely loved by the communities that grew up passing it. When it was removed in August 2023 following a sustained advocacy campaign, it was trucked to Vinita, Oklahoma, where it now stands outside a Route 66 café. Not preserved locally. Not replaced with something more accurate. Sent away. The Mohawk Trail now has a blank base where a conversation used to start.
I want to talk about evidence, because the removal was justified primarily on the grounds of documented harm to Native American youth. This is a serious claim and it deserves serious scrutiny.
There is a body of peer-reviewed research on the psychological effects of Native American mascots on Native youth. It is real and I am not dismissing it. The primary studies — conducted by researcher Stephanie Fryberg and colleagues — reported measurable negative psychological effects following exposure to Native mascot imagery. The effects were statistically detectable. They were also, by the researchers' own data, practically small. More notably, a substantial majority of Native youth in these studies reported positive or neutral associations with the imagery, yet the researchers concluded harm existed at the aggregate level regardless.
The more significant methodological question concerns context. All of this research was conducted on school mascots — team names and logos that Native students encounter daily as enrolled members of an educational institution with repeated, inescapable exposure. The Big Indian was a roadside tourist landmark encountered variably by travelers and locals. Whether findings from one setting transfer to the other is a genuine question of external validity that the removal advocates did not publicly address. That gap matters when permanent decisions about community landmarks are being made.
But the evidentiary problem is only part of what needs to be named here.
The stated mission of the campaign was to combat the invisibilization of Indigenous culture — to make Native history and presence visible and respected rather than erased. I take that mission seriously. I have spent thirty-five years making public art in this community rooted in the actual ecological and Indigenous history of this valley. I know what erasure looks like.
What I am watching is erasure calling itself preservation.
The Big Indian was imperfect. It was also, every day, a physical prompt to every person driving Route 2 that this is Indigenous land, that this road follows a trail with a name and a history and a people behind it. Remove it — and replace it with what? Visitors are no longer nudged to ask why this road has that name, who lived here, or what history unfolded along this valley. Removing a symbol without replacing it with something historically stronger does not increase public understanding of Indigenous culture. It leaves silence.
Among the principal advocates for the removal was the Western Massachusetts Commissioner of Indian Affairs, an Iñupiaq-Athabascan whose enrolled village is in Kaktovik, Alaska — not Pocumtuck, not Abenaki, not from the specific ancestral territory this trail crosses. The concentration of advocacy authority over a community's physical landmarks — without a public vote, without documented consultation with longtime residents, on the basis of research whose application to this specific context was never examined — raises legitimate questions about democratic process regardless of the underlying intentions.
After the removal I proposed replacing the Big Indian with Chief Greylock — the documented Abenaki war chief whose resistance defined this valley, whose presence would have told the actual story the Big Indian never could. The proposal was declined. The teepee is still there. The Indigenous merchandise is still there. What was rejected was not Indigenous presence but another conversation about what stands outside the door. That experience became the foundation for the Pocumtuck State of Mind — my broader framework for authentic Indigenous interpretation along this corridor, detailed at johnsendelbach.com.
The man from Colrain almost cried. The base is empty. We were told this would make Indigenous history more visible. That is not preservation. That is erasure calling itself preservation.
John F. Sendelbach is a sculptor, public artist, and longtime resident of Shelburne Falls.

